Contents Museum Director’s Preface — Shan-nan Chang I Director-General’s Preface — Jun-wei Chen IV The First Authors Preface — Cheng-hwa Tsang V The Second Authors Preface — Kuang-ti Li VII Chapter 1 Archaeologists Bring to Light 5,000 Years of the TSPs Past 02 A Chance Beginning 04 TSP Sites, Like Stars Filling the Night Skies! 06 The Launch of Rescue Archaeology 08 The Five Stages of the TSP Archaeology 52 An Overall Accounting of 15 Years of Archaeology at the TSP Chapter 2 Arcane Truths from the Strata Below 65 What is Archaeology? 66 Archaeology is Not Digging Treasure! 68 How Do You Do Archaeology? 72 Why Just Dig Trowel by Trowel-Full? 74 Why Do Archaeology at the TSP? 75 The Treasures in the TSP’s Strata Chapter 3 Time Brings Great Changes to the TSP 80 Paleoenvironmental Changes at the TSP Chapter 4 The Dabenkeng (Tapenkeng) Culture: The Earliest Arrival of Ancient Peoples to the TSP 100 Sites and Dating 103 Artifacts and Features 117 Social Appearance and Settlement Pattern 127 Rites of Passage Chapter 5 The Niuchuozi (Niuchoutzu) Culture: Falling to the Ground and Taking Root 139 Sites and Dating 137 98 78 63 01 141 Artifacts and Features 157 Social Appearance and Settlement Pattern 170 Cultural affinities and Inheritance Relationships Chapter 6 The Dahu (Tahu) Culture: Newly Arriving People 180 Sites and Dating 188 Artifacts and Features 201 Social Appearance and Settlement Pattern 218 Rites of Passage Chapter 7 The Niaosong (Niaosung) Culture: The People Who Used Iron 228 Sites and Dating 232 Artifacts and Features 249 Social Appearance 256 Rites of Passage Chapter 8 The Siraya Culture: Connections with the Ancestors of the Pingpu Indigenous Peoples 270 Sites and Dating 273 Artifacts and Features 286 Social Appearance and Settlement Pattern 302 Rites of Passage 304 Communications Beyond the Borders Chapter 9 The Han Chinese Culture: The Perilous Crossing from the Mainland to Taiwan 317 Sites and Dating 320 The Importation of Han Chinese Industrial Technology 328 Settlement Patterns and Rites of Passage 335 External Exchange Chapter 10 Concluding Remarks: Revelations from the TSP Archaeology 342 Archaeological Sites Must be Cared For Diligently 343 Technological Development and Cultural Preservation List of References 350 341 314 269 227 175