序·················································································································一一

論《易》之構成························································································一五

一、《易》之閱讀法····················································································一五

二、《易》之為書與六爻體例·······································································一八

三、《易》之斷語·······················································································二二

四、《易》爻辭修正····················································································二四

五、《易》一書構成之猜想··········································································二九

六、《易》卦旨結構····················································································三０

七、《易》意象與道理之美··········································································四三

八、孔子是否明白《易》············································································四六



《易》之哲學與世界··················································································五０

一、《易》之哲學向度·················································································五０

變易與存有···················································································五三

素樸之二元世界：人與處境···························································五八

二、《易》斷語之存在觀·············································································六五

亨································································································六六

貞································································································六七

吉凶·····························································································七０

艱厲·····························································································七一

咎································································································七六

悔································································································七八

吝································································································八一

三、《易》六十四卦之世界觀·······································································八三

四、《易》世界至善境界·············································································九五



《易》卦解讀····························································································一０九

一：個體存在之本···················································································一一一

乾??? 上達之德············································································一一一

坤??? 承輔之德···········································································一一六

屯??? 生命之序············································································一二二

蒙??? 蒙昧··················································································一二七



二：現實存在基本事實············································································一三五

需??? 求索··················································································一三五

訟??? 爭訟··················································································一四一

師??? 軍事··················································································一四六

比??? 結盟、結合·········································································一五一

小畜? 貧窮···················································································一五五

履??? 行作、為事··········································································一六一

泰??? 安定··················································································一六六

否??? 否定·················································································一七二

同人? 人和···················································································一七七

大有? 國家豐盛富有·····································································一八二



三：現實存在中與人有關面相··································································一八六

謙??? 謙虛··················································································一八六

豫??? 逸豫、安閑·········································································一九一

隨??? 追隨（順人）·····································································一九六

蠱??? 匡正（逆人）·····································································二００

臨??? 臨視···················································································二０五

觀??? 觀見···················································································二一０

噬嗑? 欲望···················································································二一六

賁??? 文飾與文化表現·································································二二二

剝??? 腐敗··················································································二二七

復??? 道之復還············································································二三二

?妄? 無虛妄而真實·····································································二三七

大畜? 富有···················································································二四三



四：現實存在好壞與意義·········································································二四八

頤??? 養生··················································································二四八

大過? 太過···················································································二五四

坎??? 低陷處境············································································二五八

離??? 離別··················································································二六二

咸??? 感動、感受·········································································二六六

恒??? 恒常、持守·········································································二七三

遯??? 潛隱··················································································二八一

大壯? 強勇···················································································二八七

晉??? 得位、得勢·········································································二九二

明夷? 晦中求明············································································二九七

家人? 家······················································································三０二

睽??? 背離···················································································三０六

蹇??? 災難··················································································三一二

解??? 解、釋···············································································三一六

損??? 損益··················································································三二一

益??? 贈益··················································································三二七



五：前各內容之（終極性）總結······························································三三三

夬??? 明察··················································································三三三

姤??? 表象與假象········································································三四０

萃??? 不得志···············································································三四七

升??? 求上進···············································································三五二

困??? 困限··················································································三五七

井??? 生活之經營········································································三六四

革??? 改變··················································································三六九

鼎??? 國家政權與治理·································································三七四

震??? 震撼··················································································三七八

艮??? 背向（人不知）··································································三八三

漸??? 女性之人生·······································································三八九

歸妹? 婚嫁··················································································三九五

豐??? 豐榮··················································································四００

旅??? 戰事··················································································四０六

巽??? 憂戚··················································································四一０

兌??? 喜悅··················································································四一五

渙??? 耗盡··················································································四二０

節??? 節制··················································································四二四

中孚? 心懷···················································································四三０

小過? 過失···················································································四三六

既濟? 有成···················································································四四一

未濟? 未有成···············································································四四七





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　　《易》似難解，原因有二：一由被視為占卜之言、二因傳統把《易》文辭只關連於如雷風山澤等卦象閱讀，鮮從文辭本身理解。因卦象非一有意義系統，如此關連只使文辭意思更加晦隱，不會致於明朗。《易》書寫法純然意象，與卦象及占卜無關。若從意象閱讀，《易》意想不到地精彩，亦單純為道理之書。雖如此遠古，然始終系統並平實地理性，絲毫無所晦澀。



　　《易》道理切入點為個體自身，非後來經學及儒學傳統人性之道，不過，作為道理，始終與後者一致。道理本身無窮盡，《易》《詩》《書》《論》《孟》只作者從生命相關體驗，以各自方式把道理構架為一完整系統作品。我們可想像，面對當今西方思想影響下之世界，實可再有一對道理完整之論述；作為道理雖千古一致，然觀點立場之改變使其將為獨立作品。當然，能達至完整而系統實不易，亦道理能成為經所以困難之原因。更難的是，這些作者都不希望以道理強人，故都間接表述：《易》以意象、《詩》以詩、《書》以事、《論語》以語錄、《孟子》以故事，達成其對道理構架之隱藏，此其所以深邃。道理因本無窮，若非構架，無以成作品，此作品共通之道。差別只在，是對道理構架，抑只是對個人思想或事實構架，如此而已。



　　我常問自己，人類思想究竟應怎樣運用？若從神之圓善作為起點，自必可構架出一世界圖象，同樣地，以一現實事實為起點，若具備嚴謹推理及理解力，亦可構架出另一幅圖象。但人類應如此思想？正如見世界現實之惡而求諸公平正義，這樣訴求自必正確。但作為道理或思想，這已足夠？以刑罰對立邪惡，若這能有所真實，那人類刻意對禁限越度之心又怎樣解釋？道理非能由惡而明白，更需其他努力。思想亦不能止於為體系之洞見，更應以道理真實為本。我很喜愛並感動於孟子〈離婁上〉最後兩章，一從仁義禮智之實、另一從舜為天子角度，討論：若天下太平、存在已達其極致，那時，仁義禮智將是甚麼、有怎樣的用？同樣，作為天子之舜，那時又會作甚麼？…… 甚麼才是真正道理？若社會再無不公義，公平正義仍是道理嗎？此時是否有更重要、更為真實的價值？我們之被現實與時代困限、只知面對不公義，這一切看似對當，但這就是道理或代表我們自己已真實無妄？針對特殊現象而作之系統思想與觀法已為真正價值或真理？思想應作怎樣努力？中國古代所教人道理是在這樣意義下而真確，再非困限於時代或現實。對抗惡當然勇敢，但若人類再無惡而能純然自由無規限時，人類究竟能達至怎樣最高善與境界？這始是中國精神真正所在。道理對我而言顛撲不破，亦人生命真正成就。唯藉道理，人始能不受限於時代。



　　能從《易》再次體會此點，對我而言萬幸。甚至，在寫作過程中能與如此遠古心靈接觸，見人心真誠如一，這是生命難得之意義。《易》每一字、每一意象，在明白後都深深打動我，無法想像何以道理能如此以純粹意象表達，這是在詩意象外，古人境界匪夷所思所在。



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